How to Connect LCD to Arduino

The LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a commonly used display for Arduino projects, as it provides a simple way to output information to the user such as text and basic characters. It is a useful display for beginners and experienced users alike and is typically one of the first displays people use when they start using an Arduino board.

This tutorial will show you how to connect and interact between a 16x2 LCD Character Display and an Arduino UNO board using serial communication, but the principles can be applied to other LCD displays and other development boards as well. Let's get started!

LCD - Arduino Tutorial - Table of Contents

Hardware and tools needed
LCD pinout
Arduino pinout
Circuit - connection diagram and schematic
Example code
Troubleshooting Your LCD - Arduino Project
Additional resources

Hardware and Tools Needed

LCDs come in various sizes and configurations, but the most commonly used LCD is the 16x2 LCD. It has 2 rows that can fit 16 characters per row.

We will be using the 16x2 Newhaven display part number NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3, which has a built-in PIC16F690 microcontroller. This display is available for purchase here. The datasheet and product specs can be viewed or downloaded here.

Hardware and tools needed to connect LCD to Arduino

Arduino UNO
LCD 16x2
breadboard
0 ohm resistor
Jumper wires
Solder and soldering iron
Single row pin header connector
USB A male to B Male Cable (printer cable)
Arduino IDE

We suggest reading our blog article How to Protect Electronics from ESD before diving into this tutorial, especially If you are a beginner with electronics.

16x2 LCD Pinout

The Newhaven 16x2 character LCD offers a simple way to interact with the Arduino UNO board using the SPI interface. For this setup, we'll utilize the P2 pins on the display:

Pin 1 (SPISS - SPI slave select)
Pin 3 (SCK/serial clock)
Pin 4 (SDI/SDA - Serial data in)
Pin 5 (Ground)
Pin 6 (5V supply voltage)

Before connecting the LCD to the Arduino, solder a 1x6 pin header to the P2 pins on the LCD. Also, place a jumper on R2 to enable SPI mode communication.

2x16 LCD pinout — 16x2 Newhaven Display NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3 pin identification.

P2 Pin Description

Pin No.	Symbol	Function Description
1	SPISS	SPI Slave Select (NC in I2C mode)
2	SDO	No Connect
3	SCK/SCL	Serial Clock
4	SDI/SDA	Serial Data In (SPI) / Serial Data (I2C)
5	V SS	Ground
6	V DD	Supply Voltage (+5.0V)

The complete LCD pinout specification can be viewed here.

Arduino Pinout

There are 20 input/output pins on the Arduino UNO board, including 14 digital pins and 6 analog pins. We will use pins 10, 11, and 12 from the digital signals and 5V and Ground from the power signals as described below:

Power pin: 5v
Ground pin
Pin 10: SS (Slave Select)
Pin 11: SDA/MISO
Pin 12: SPISS (SPI Slave Select)/MOSI

The complete Arduino UNO pinout schematic can be viewed here.

Circuit - Connection Diagram and Schematic

The connection between Arduino and the LCD is very simple and straightforward:

Before starting, ensure that the Arduino is powered off while wiring up the display.

Arduino	LCD	Connection Type
5V Pin	Pin 6: V DD	Power
Ground Pin	Pin 5: Ground	Ground
Pin 10: Slave Select	Pin 3: SCK/SCL	Serial Clock
Pin 11: MISO	Pin 4: SDI/SDA	Serial Data In
Pin 12: MOSI	Pin 1: SPISS	SPI Slave Select

Wiring circuit

Arduino LCD wiring — Arduino LCD circuit wiring.

Wiring Schematic

Arduino - LCD Example Code

The following code examples demonstrate how to use serial communication between Arduino and a 16x2 character LCD using the SPI interface. You will find helpful comments in the code examples, but let's break down some of the functions below:

The SPI_Out() function sends commands and data to the LCD display through SPI. It does this by iterating through the 8 bits of the input byte and sending each bit's value to the LCD display.
The Set_Pins() function configures the SPI pins as output pins.
The Set_Contrast() function sets the contrast of the LCD display.
The Set_Backlight() function sets the backlight of the LCD display.
The Clear_Display() function clears the LCD screen.
The Set_Cursor() function enables or disables the blinking cursor on the LCD display, depending on the input parameter.
The setup() function is the main function and is executed once when the Arduino starts. It is used to initialize the settings, variables and any run any other necessary functions and configurations for the project.
The loop() function runs in a continuous loop for the entire duration that the Arduino board is powered on. In some examples below, this function is empty and does nothing because we just need to run some functions once.

Arduino - LCD code examples:

Hello world
Display text on the first and second row
Display long text
Display text with a blinking cursor
Cursor + autoscroll text
Autoscroll
Contrast
Backlight
Characters/font tables

You can adapt and expand the code examples to suit your specific Arduino-based project requirements.

Hello world

The following code example displays "Hello Word!" on the LCD.

/*  SPI Wiring Reference for: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3
  ---------------------------
  LCD         |   Arduino
  ---------------------------
  1(SPISS)  --> 12
  2(SDO)    --> No Connect
  3(SCK)    --> 10
  4(SDA)    --> 11
  5(VSS)    --> Ground
  6(VDD)    --> 5V
*/
/*****************************************************
   Arduino pin definition
  /*****************************************************/
#define SPISS_PIN   12
#define SDA_PIN     11
#define SCK_PIN     10
/*****************************************************
   SPI function to send command and data.
   For more information on SPI please visit our Support Center
  /*****************************************************/
void SPI_Out(unsigned char a) {
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, LOW);
  for (int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
    if ((a & 0x80) == 0x80) {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, HIGH);
      delayMicroseconds(200);
    }
    else {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, LOW);
    }
    delayMicroseconds(200);
    a = a << 1;
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(200);
  }
  digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(200);
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, HIGH);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Arduino UNO IO ports as Output mode
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Pins() {
  pinMode(SPISS_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SCK_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SDA_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Contrast
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Contrast() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);              //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x52);              //contrast command
  SPI_Out(0x28);              //set contrast value
  delayMicroseconds(500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Backlight
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Backlight() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x53);             //backlight command
  SPI_Out(0x08);             //set backlight value
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Clear LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Clear_Display() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x51);             //clear display command
  delayMicroseconds(1500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set cursor
   Mode = 0 sets Blinking cursor off
   Mode = 1 sets Blinking cursor on
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Cursor(int mode) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);          //prefix command
  if (mode == 0) {
    SPI_Out(0x4c);        //Blinking cursor off
  }
  else if (mode == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x4b);        //Blinking cursor on
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Write "Hello World!" to LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Hello_World() {
  SPI_Out(0x48); // H
  SPI_Out(0x65); // E
  SPI_Out(0x6C); // l
  SPI_Out(0x6C); // l
  SPI_Out(0x6F); // o
  SPI_Out(0x11); // Blank
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  SPI_Out(0x6f); // o
  SPI_Out(0x72); // r
  SPI_Out(0x6c); // l
  SPI_Out(0x64); // d
  SPI_Out(0x21); // !
}
/*****************************************************
     Main function
  /*****************************************************/
void setup() {
  Set_Pins();         //set IO ports
  Set_Cursor(0);      //turns off blinking cursor
  Set_Contrast();     //set display contrast
  Set_Backlight();    //set display backlight
  Clear_Display();    //clear display
  Hello_World();      //display "Hello World!"
}
void loop() {
}

Hello world circuit - lcd -Arduino — LCD - Arduino "Hello World" example.

Display text on the first and second row

This code will show the text "First Line" in the first row and "Second Line" in the second row.

/*****************************************************
  This code was written for the Arduino UNO using SPI Interface.
  This code displays text in row one and row two of LCD.
  /*  SPI Wiring Reference for: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3
  ---------------------------
  LCD         |   Arduino
  ---------------------------
  1(SPISS)  --> 12
  2(SDO)    --> No Connect
  3(SCK)    --> 10
  4(SDA)    --> 11
  5(VSS)    --> Ground
  6(VDD)    --> 5V
*/
/*****************************************************
   Arduino pin definition 
  /*****************************************************/
#define SPISS_PIN   12
#define SDA_PIN     11
#define SCK_PIN     10
/*****************************************************
   SPI function to send command and data.
   For more information on SPI please visit our Support Center
  /*****************************************************/
void SPI_Out(unsigned char a) {
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, LOW);
  for (int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
    if ((a & 0x80) == 0x80) {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, HIGH);
      delayMicroseconds(200);
    }
    else {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, LOW);
    }
    delayMicroseconds(200);
    a = a << 1;
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(200);
  }
  digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(200);
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, HIGH);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Arduino UNO IO ports as Output mode
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Pins() {
  pinMode(SPISS_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SCK_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SDA_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Contrast
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Contrast() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);              //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x52);              //contrast command
  SPI_Out(0x28);              //set contrast value
  delayMicroseconds(500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Backlight
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Backlight() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x53);             //backlight command
  SPI_Out(0x08);             //set backlight value
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Clear LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Clear_Display() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x51);             //clear display command
  delayMicroseconds(1500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Write "First Line" to row one on LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Send_First_Line_Text() {
  SPI_Out(0x46); // F
  SPI_Out(0x69); // i
  SPI_Out(0x72); // r
  SPI_Out(0x73); // s
  SPI_Out(0x74); // t
  SPI_Out(0x20); // blank space
  SPI_Out(0x6c); // l
  SPI_Out(0x69); // i
  SPI_Out(0x6e); // n
  SPI_Out(0x65); // e
}
/*****************************************************
   Write "Second Line" to row two on LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Send_Second_Line_Text() {
  SPI_Out(0x53); // S
  SPI_Out(0x65); // e
  SPI_Out(0x63); // c
  SPI_Out(0x6f); // o
  SPI_Out(0x6e); // n
  SPI_Out(0x64); // d
  SPI_Out(0x20); // blank space
  SPI_Out(0x6c); // l
  SPI_Out(0x69); // i
  SPI_Out(0x6e); // n
  SPI_Out(0x65); // e
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Row address
   Line = 1 sets for first row
   Line = 2 sets for second row
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Row(int line) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);      //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x45);      //set cursor command
  if (line == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x00);    //cursor position: row one, column one
  }
  else if (line == 2) {
    SPI_Out(0x40);    //cursor position: row two, column one
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
     Main function
  /*****************************************************/
void setup() {
  Set_Pins();         //set IO ports
  Set_Contrast();     //set display contrast
  Set_Backlight();    //set display backlight
  Clear_Display();    //clear display
  Set_Row(1);
  Send_First_Line_Text();       //writes to first line of display
  Set_Row(2);
  Send_Second_Line_Text();      //writes to second line of display
  delay(1000);
}
void loop() {
}

first row, second row circuit - lcd -Arduino — LCD - Arduino first and second row example.

Display long text

This code displays text that extends to the second row. For this example, we will display the text "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3".

/*****************************************************
  This code displays the part number: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3.
  /*  SPI Wiring Reference for: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3
  ---------------------------
  LCD         |   Arduino
  ---------------------------
  1(SPISS)  --> 12
  2(SDO)    --> No Connect
  3(SCK)    --> 10
  4(SDA)    --> 11
  5(VSS)    --> Ground
  6(VDD)    --> 5V
*/
/*****************************************************
   Arduino pin definition
  /*****************************************************/
#define SPISS_PIN   12
#define SDA_PIN     11
#define SCK_PIN     10
/*****************************************************
   SPI function to send command and data.
   For more information on SPI please visit our Support Center
  /*****************************************************/
void SPI_Out(unsigned char a) {
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, LOW);
  for (int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
    if ((a & 0x80) == 0x80) {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, HIGH);
      delayMicroseconds(200);
    }
    else {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, LOW);
    }
    delayMicroseconds(200);
    a = a << 1;
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(200);
  }
  digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(200);
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, HIGH);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Arduino UNO IO ports as Output mode
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Pins() {
  pinMode(SPISS_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SCK_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SDA_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Contrast
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Contrast() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);              //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x52);              //contrast command
  SPI_Out(0x28);              //set contrast value
  delayMicroseconds(500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Backlight
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Backlight() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x53);             //backlight command
  SPI_Out(0x08);             //set backlight value
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Clear LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Clear_Display() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x51);             //clear display command
  delayMicroseconds(1500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set cursor
   Mode = 0 sets Blinking cursor off
   Mode = 1 sets Blinking cursor on
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Cursor(int mode) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);          //prefix command
  if (mode == 0) {
    SPI_Out(0x4c);        //Blinking cursor off
  }
  else if (mode == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x4b);        //Blinking cursor on
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Row address
   Line = 1 sets for first row
   Line = 2 sets for second row
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Row(int line) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);      //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x45);      //set cursor command
  if (line == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x00);    //cursor position: row one, column one
  }
  else if (line == 2) {
    SPI_Out(0x40);    //cursor position: row two, column one
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Write "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3" to LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Part_Number() {
  Set_Row(1);
  SPI_Out(0x4e); // N
  SPI_Out(0x48); // H
  SPI_Out(0x44); // D
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x30); // 0
  SPI_Out(0x32); // 2
  SPI_Out(0x31); // 1
  SPI_Out(0x36); // 6
  SPI_Out(0x4b); // K
  SPI_Out(0x33); // 3
  SPI_Out(0x5a); // Z
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x4e); // N
  SPI_Out(0x53); // S
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  Set_Row(2);
  SPI_Out(0x42); // B
  SPI_Out(0x42); // B
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x56); // V
  SPI_Out(0x33); // 3
}
/*****************************************************
     Main function
  /*****************************************************/
void setup() {
  Set_Pins();         //set IO ports
  Set_Cursor(0);      //turns off blinking cursor
  Set_Contrast();     //set display contrast
  Set_Backlight();    //set display backlight
  Clear_Display();    //clear display
  Part_Number();      //display "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3"
}
void loop() {
}

display long text on the lcd with Arduino — Display long text in LCD with Arduino.

Blink - Display text with blinking cursor

This code displays text with a blinking cursor. For this example, we will display the text "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3".

/*****************************************************
  This code displays the part number: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3 with cursor on. 
  /*  SPI Wiring Reference for: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3
  ---------------------------
  LCD         |   Arduino
  ---------------------------
  1(SPISS)  --> 12
  2(SDO)    --> No Connect
  3(SCK)    --> 10
  4(SDA)    --> 11
  5(VSS)    --> Ground
  6(VDD)    --> 5V
*/
/*****************************************************
   Arduino pin definition
  /*****************************************************/
#define SPISS_PIN   12
#define SDA_PIN     11
#define SCK_PIN     10
/*****************************************************
   SPI function to send command and data.
   For more information on SPI please visit our Support Center
  /*****************************************************/
void SPI_Out(unsigned char a) {
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, LOW);
  for (int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
    if ((a & 0x80) == 0x80) {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, HIGH);
      delayMicroseconds(200);
    }
    else {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, LOW);
    }
    delayMicroseconds(200);
    a = a << 1;
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(200);
  }
  digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(200);
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, HIGH);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Arduino UNO IO ports as Output mode
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Pins() {
  pinMode(SPISS_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SCK_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SDA_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Contrast
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Contrast() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);              //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x52);              //contrast command
  SPI_Out(0x28);              //set contrast value
  delayMicroseconds(500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Backlight
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Backlight() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x53);             //backlight command
  SPI_Out(0x08);             //set backlight value
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Clear LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Clear_Display() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x51);             //clear display command
  delayMicroseconds(1500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set cursor
   Mode = 0 sets Blinking cursor off
   Mode = 1 sets Blinking cursor on
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Cursor(int mode) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);          //prefix command
  if (mode == 0) {
    SPI_Out(0x4c);        //Blinking cursor off
  }
  else if (mode == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x4b);        //Blinking cursor on
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Row address
   Line = 1 sets for first row
   Line = 2 sets for second row
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Row(int line) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);      //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x45);      //set cursor command
  if (line == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x00);    //cursor position: row one, column one
  }
  else if (line == 2) {
    SPI_Out(0x40);    //cursor position: row two, column one
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Write "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3" to LCD
   delay(500) = 500 Milliseconds
  /*****************************************************/
void Part_Number() {
  Set_Row(1);
  SPI_Out(0x4e); // N
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x48); // H
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x44); // D
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x30); // 0
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x32); // 2
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x31); // 1
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x36); // 6
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x4b); // K
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x33); // 3
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x5a); // Z
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x4e); // N
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x53); // S
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  Set_Row(2);
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x42); // B
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x42); // B
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x56); // V
  delay(500);
  SPI_Out(0x33); // 3
}
/*****************************************************
     Main function
  /*****************************************************/
void setup() {
  Set_Pins();         //set IO ports
  Set_Contrast();     //set display contrast
  Set_Backlight();    //set display backlight
  Clear_Display();    //clear display
  Set_Cursor(1);      //turns on blinking cursor
  Part_Number();      //display "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3"
}
void loop() {
}

Display text in LCD with cursor on.

Cursor + autoscroll text

This code first displays text with the cursor on and then initializes autoscrolling to the right.

/*****************************************************
  This code was written for the Arduino UNO using SPI Interface.
  This code displays the part number: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3 while shifting to the right with a blinking cursor. 
  /*  SPI Wiring Reference for: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3
  ---------------------------
  LCD         |   Arduino
  ---------------------------
  1(SPISS)  --> 12
  2(SDO)    --> No Connect
  3(SCK)    --> 10
  4(SDA)    --> 11
  5(VSS)    --> Ground
  6(VDD)    --> 5V
*/
/*****************************************************
   Arduino pin definition
  /*****************************************************/
#define SPISS_PIN   12
#define SDA_PIN     11
#define SCK_PIN     10
/*****************************************************
   SPI function to send command and data.
   For more information on SPI please visit our Support Center
  /*****************************************************/
void SPI_Out(unsigned char a) {
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, LOW);
  for (int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
    if ((a & 0x80) == 0x80) {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, HIGH);
      delayMicroseconds(200);
    }
    else {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, LOW);
    }
    delayMicroseconds(200);
    a = a << 1;
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(200);
  }
  digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(200);
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, HIGH);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Arduino UNO IO ports as Output mode
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Pins() {
  pinMode(SPISS_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SCK_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SDA_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Contrast
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Contrast() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);              //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x52);              //contrast command
  SPI_Out(0x28);              //set contrast value
  delayMicroseconds(500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Backlight
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Backlight() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x53);             //backlight command
  SPI_Out(0x08);             //set backlight value
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Clear LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Clear_Display() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x51);             //clear display command
  delayMicroseconds(1500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set cursor
   Mode = 0 sets Blinking cursor off
   Mode = 1 sets Blinking cursor on
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Cursor(int mode) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);          //prefix command
  if (mode == 0) {
    SPI_Out(0x4c);        //Blinking cursor off
  }
  else if (mode == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x4b);        //Blinking cursor on
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Row address
   Line = 1 sets for first row
   Line = 2 sets for second row
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Row(int line) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);      //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x45);      //set cursor command
  if (line == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x00);    //cursor position: row one, column one
  }
  else if (line == 2) {
    SPI_Out(0x40);    //cursor position: row two, column one
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Write "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3" to LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Part_Number() {
    Set_Row(1);
  SPI_Out(0x4e); // N
  SPI_Out(0x48); // H
  SPI_Out(0x44); // D
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x30); // 0
  SPI_Out(0x32); // 2
  SPI_Out(0x31); // 1
  SPI_Out(0x36); // 6
  SPI_Out(0x4b); // K
  SPI_Out(0x33); // 3
  SPI_Out(0x5a); // Z
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x4e); // N
  SPI_Out(0x53); // S
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  Set_Row(2);
  SPI_Out(0x42); // B
  SPI_Out(0x42); // B
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x56); // V
  SPI_Out(0x33); // 3
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Shifting mode
   Mode = 0 Move display one place to the left
   Mode = 1 Move display one place to the right
   delay(500) = 500 Milliseconds
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Shift(int mode) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);      //prefix command
  if (mode == 0) {
    SPI_Out(0x55);    //Move display one place to the left
  }
  else if (mode == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x56);    //Move display one place to the right
  }
  delay(500);
}
/*****************************************************
     Main function
  /*****************************************************/
void setup() {
  Set_Pins();         //set IO ports
  Set_Contrast();     //set display contrast
  Set_Backlight();    //set display backlight
  Clear_Display();    //clear display
  Set_Cursor(1);      //turns on blinking cursor
  Part_Number();      //display "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3"
}
/*****************************************************
     Loop function
  /*****************************************************/
void loop() {
  Set_Shift(1);     //shift display to the right
}

Auto scroll text with cursor on.

Autoscroll text

This code autoscrolls the text "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3".

/*****************************************************
  This code was written for the Arduino UNO using SPI Interface.
  This code displays the part number: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3 while shifting to the right.  
  /*  SPI Wiring Reference for: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3
  ---------------------------
  LCD         |   Arduino
  ---------------------------
  1(SPISS)  --> 12
  2(SDO)    --> No Connect
  3(SCK)    --> 10
  4(SDA)    --> 11
  5(VSS)    --> Ground
  6(VDD)    --> 5V
*/
/*****************************************************
   Arduino pin definition
  /*****************************************************/
#define SPISS_PIN   12
#define SDA_PIN     11
#define SCK_PIN     10
/*****************************************************
   SPI function to send command and data.
   For more information on SPI please visit our Support Center
  /*****************************************************/
void SPI_Out(unsigned char a) {
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, LOW);
  for (int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
    if ((a & 0x80) == 0x80) {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, HIGH);
      delayMicroseconds(200);
    }
    else {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, LOW);
    }
    delayMicroseconds(200);
    a = a << 1;
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(200);
  }
  digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(200);
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, HIGH);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Arduino UNO IO ports as Output mode
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Pins() {
  pinMode(SPISS_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SCK_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SDA_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Contrast
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Contrast() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);              //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x52);              //contrast command
  SPI_Out(0x28);              //set contrast value
  delayMicroseconds(500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Backlight
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Backlight() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x53);             //backlight command
  SPI_Out(0x08);             //set backlight value
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Clear LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Clear_Display() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x51);             //clear display command
  delayMicroseconds(1500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set cursor
   Mode = 0 sets Blinking cursor off
   Mode = 1 sets Blinking cursor on
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Cursor(int mode) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);          //prefix command
  if (mode == 0) {
    SPI_Out(0x4c);        //Blinking cursor off
  }
  else if (mode == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x4b);        //Blinking cursor on
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Row address
   Line = 1 sets for first row
   Line = 2 sets for second row
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Row(int line) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);      //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x45);      //set cursor command
  if (line == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x00);    //cursor position: row one, column one
  }
  else if (line == 2) {
    SPI_Out(0x40);    //cursor position: row two, column one
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Write "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3" to LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Part_Number() {
    Set_Row(1);
  SPI_Out(0x4e); // N
  SPI_Out(0x48); // H
  SPI_Out(0x44); // D
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x30); // 0
  SPI_Out(0x32); // 2
  SPI_Out(0x31); // 1
  SPI_Out(0x36); // 6
  SPI_Out(0x4b); // K
  SPI_Out(0x33); // 3
  SPI_Out(0x5a); // Z
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x4e); // N
  SPI_Out(0x53); // S
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  Set_Row(2);
  SPI_Out(0x42); // B
  SPI_Out(0x42); // B
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x56); // V
  SPI_Out(0x33); // 3
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Shifting mode
   Mode = 0 Move display one place to the left
   Mode = 1 Move display one place to the right
   delay(500) = 500 Milliseconds
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Shift(int mode) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);      //prefix command
  if (mode == 0) {
    SPI_Out(0x55);    //Move display one place to the left
  }
  else if (mode == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x56);    //Move display one place to the right
  }
  delay(500);
}
/*****************************************************
     Main function
  /*****************************************************/
void setup() {
  Set_Pins();         //set IO ports
  Set_Contrast();     //set display contrast
  Set_Backlight();    //set display backlight
  Clear_Display();    //clear display
  Set_Cursor(0);      //turns off blinking cursor
  Part_Number();      //display "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3"
}
/*****************************************************
     Loop function
  /*****************************************************/
void loop() {
  Set_Shift(1);     //shift display to the right
}

Autoscrolling text on LCD with Arduino.

Adjusting the LCD contrast

This code displays the text "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3" while changing the contrast.

    /*****************************************************
  This code was written for the Arduino UNO using SPI Interface.
  This code displays the part number: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3 while changing the contrast.
  /*  SPI Wiring Reference for: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3
  ---------------------------
  LCD         |   Arduino
  ---------------------------
  1(SPISS)  --> 12
  2(SDO)    --> No Connect
  3(SCK)    --> 10
  4(SDA)    --> 11
  5(VSS)    --> Ground
  6(VDD)    --> 5V
*/
/*****************************************************
   Arduino pin definition
  /*****************************************************/
#define SPISS_PIN   12
#define SDA_PIN     11
#define SCK_PIN     10
/*****************************************************
   SPI function to send command and data.
   For more information on SPI please visit our Support Center
  /*****************************************************/
void SPI_Out(unsigned char a) {
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, LOW);
  for (int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
    if ((a & 0x80) == 0x80) {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, HIGH);
      delayMicroseconds(200);
    }
    else {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, LOW);
    }
    delayMicroseconds(200);
    a = a << 1;
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(200);
  }
  digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(200);
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, HIGH);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Arduino UNO IO ports as Output mode
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Pins() {
  pinMode(SPISS_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SCK_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SDA_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Contrast
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Contrast() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);              //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x52);              //contrast command
  SPI_Out(0x32);              //set contrast value
  delayMicroseconds(500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Backlight
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Backlight() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x53);             //backlight command
  SPI_Out(0x08);             //set backlight value
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Clear LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Clear_Display() {
  SPI_Out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x51);             //clear display command
  delayMicroseconds(1500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set cursor
   Mode = 0 sets Blinking cursor off
   Mode = 1 sets Blinking cursor on
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Cursor(int mode) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);          //prefix command
  if (mode == 0) {
    SPI_Out(0x4c);        //Blinking cursor off
  }
  else if (mode == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x4b);        //Blinking cursor on
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Row address
   Line = 1 sets for first row
   Line = 2 sets for second row
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Row(int line) {
  SPI_Out(0xfe);      //prefix command
  SPI_Out(0x45);      //set cursor command
  if (line == 1) {
    SPI_Out(0x00);    //cursor position: row one, column one
  }
  else if (line == 2) {
    SPI_Out(0x40);    //cursor position: row two, column one
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Write "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3" to LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Part_Number() {
  Set_Row(1);
  SPI_Out(0x4e); // N
  SPI_Out(0x48); // H
  SPI_Out(0x44); // D
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x30); // 0
  SPI_Out(0x32); // 2
  SPI_Out(0x31); // 1
  SPI_Out(0x36); // 6
  SPI_Out(0x4b); // K
  SPI_Out(0x33); // 3
  SPI_Out(0x5a); // Z
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x4e); // N
  SPI_Out(0x53); // S
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  Set_Row(2);
  SPI_Out(0x42); // B
  SPI_Out(0x42); // B
  SPI_Out(0x57); // W
  SPI_Out(0xb0); // -
  SPI_Out(0x56); // V
  SPI_Out(0x33); // 3
}
/*****************************************************
  Function to:
    - change contrast from highest --> lowest
    - change contrast from lowest  --> highest
  delay(100) = 100 Milliseconds
  /*****************************************************/
void Contrast_Cycle() {
  for (int x = 50; x >= 0; x--) {
    SPI_Out(0xFE);             //High to Low contrast loop
    SPI_Out(0x52);
    SPI_Out(x);
    delay(100);
  }
  for (int x = 0; x <= 50; x++) {
    SPI_Out(0xFE);             //Low to High contrats loop
    SPI_Out(0x52);
    SPI_Out(x);
    delay(100);
  }
}
/*****************************************************
     Main function
  /*****************************************************/
void setup() {
  Set_Pins();         //set IO ports
  Set_Contrast();     //set display contrast
  Set_Backlight();    //set display backlight
  Clear_Display();    //clear display
  Set_Cursor(0);      //turns off blinking cursor
  Part_Number();      //display "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3"
}
/*****************************************************
     Loop function
  /*****************************************************/
void loop() {
  Contrast_Cycle(); //cycle through contrast
}

Adjusting contrast on LCD with Arduino.

How to use the LCD backlight

There are different methods for controlling or adjusting the backlight of the LCD. Two of the most common ways of controlling or adjusting the LCD backlight are via a command or a potentiometer.

For our serial displays like the NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3, the backlight can be controlled via a command. The Backlight_loop() function sets the backlight brightness value from highest to lowest and then from lowest to highest in a constant loop.

The code below displays the text "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3" while changing the backlight intensity.

        /*****************************************************
  This code was written for the Arduino UNO using SPI Interface.
  This code displays the part number: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3 while changing the backlight. 
  /*  SPI Wiring Reference for: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3
  ---------------------------
  LCD         |   Arduino
  ---------------------------
  1(SPISS)  --> 12
  2(SDO)    --> No Connect
  3(SCK)    --> 10
  4(SDA)    --> 11
  5(VSS)    --> Ground
  6(VDD)    --> 5V
*/
/*****************************************************
   Arduino pin definition
  /*****************************************************/
#define SPISS_PIN   12
#define SDA_PIN     11
#define SCK_PIN     10
/*****************************************************
   SPI function to send command and data.
   For more information on SPI please visit our Support Center
  /*****************************************************/
void SPI_OUT(unsigned char a) {
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, LOW);
  for (int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
    if ((a & 0x80) == 0x80) {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, HIGH);
      delayMicroseconds(200);
    }
    else {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, LOW);
    }
    delayMicroseconds(200);
    a = a << 1;
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(200);
  }
  digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(200);
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, HIGH);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Arduino UNO IO ports as Output mode
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Pins() {
  pinMode(SPISS_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SCK_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SDA_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Contrast
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Contrast() {
  SPI_OUT(0xFE);              //prefix command
  SPI_OUT(0x52);              //contrast command
  SPI_OUT(0x28);              //set contrast value
  delayMicroseconds(500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Backlight
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Backlight() {
  SPI_OUT(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_OUT(0x53);             //backlight command
  SPI_OUT(0x08);             //set backlight value
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Clear LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Clear_Display() {
  SPI_OUT(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_OUT(0x51);             //clear display command
  delayMicroseconds(1500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set cursor
   Mode = 0 sets Blinking cursor off
   Mode = 1 sets Blinking cursor on
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Cursor(int mode) {
  SPI_OUT(0xfe);          //prefix command
  if (mode == 0) {
    SPI_OUT(0x4c);        //Blinking cursor off
  }
  else if (mode == 1) {
    SPI_OUT(0x4b);        //Blinking cursor on
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Row address
   Line = 1 sets for first row
   Line = 2 sets for second row
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Row(int line) {
  SPI_OUT(0xfe);      //prefix command
  SPI_OUT(0x45);      //set cursor command
  if (line == 1) {
    SPI_OUT(0x00);    //cursor position: row one, column one
  }
  else if (line == 2) {
    SPI_OUT(0x40);    //cursor position: row two, column one
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Write "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3" to LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Part_Number() {
    Set_Row(1);
  SPI_OUT(0x4e); // N
  SPI_OUT(0x48); // H
  SPI_OUT(0x44); // D
  SPI_OUT(0xb0); // -
  SPI_OUT(0x30); // 0
  SPI_OUT(0x32); // 2
  SPI_OUT(0x31); // 1
  SPI_OUT(0x36); // 6
  SPI_OUT(0x4b); // K
  SPI_OUT(0x33); // 3
  SPI_OUT(0x5a); // Z
  SPI_OUT(0xb0); // -
  SPI_OUT(0x4e); // N
  SPI_OUT(0x53); // S
  SPI_OUT(0x57); // W
  SPI_OUT(0xb0); // -
  Set_Row(2);
  SPI_OUT(0x42); // B
  SPI_OUT(0x42); // B
  SPI_OUT(0x57); // W
  SPI_OUT(0xb0); // -
  SPI_OUT(0x56); // V
  SPI_OUT(0x33); // 3
}
/*****************************************************
  Function to:
    - change backlight from highest --> lowest
    - change backlight from lowest  --> highest
  delay(500) = 500 Milliseconds
  /*****************************************************/
void Backlight_loop() {
  for (int x = 8; x >= 0; x--) {
    SPI_OUT(0xFE);              //High to Low Backlight loop
    SPI_OUT(0x53);
    SPI_OUT(x);
    delay(500);
  }
  for (int x = 0; x <= 8; x++) {
    SPI_OUT(0xFE);              //Low to High Backlight loop
    SPI_OUT(0x53);
    SPI_OUT(x);
    delay(500);
  }
}
/*****************************************************
     Main function
  /*****************************************************/
void setup() {
  Set_Pins();         //set IO ports
  Set_Contrast();     //set display contrast
  Set_Backlight();    //set display backlight
  Clear_Display();    //clear display
  Set_Cursor(0);      //turns off blinking cursor
  Part_Number();      //display "NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3"
}
/*****************************************************
     Loop function
  /*****************************************************/
void loop() {
  Backlight_loop();   //High to Low Backlight loop
}

Adjusting backlight brightness example.

Characters/font tables

This code displays characters from the font table that is included in the LCD.

        /*****************************************************
  This code was written for the Arduino UNO using SPI Interface.
  This code displays the font table characters. 
  /*  SPI Wiring Reference for: NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3
  ---------------------------
  LCD         |   Arduino
  ---------------------------
  1(SPISS)  --> 12
  2(SDO)    --> No Connect
  3(SCK)    --> 10
  4(SDA)    --> 11
  5(VSS)    --> Ground
  6(VDD)    --> 5V
*/
/*****************************************************
   Arduino pin definition
  /*****************************************************/
#define SPISS_PIN   12
#define SDA_PIN     11
#define SCK_PIN     10
/*****************************************************
   SPI function to send command and data.
   For more information on SPI please visit our Support Center
  /*****************************************************/
void SPI_out(unsigned char a) {
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, LOW);
  for (int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
    if ((a & 0x80) == 0x80) {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, HIGH);
      delayMicroseconds(200);
    }
    else {
      digitalWrite(SDA_PIN, LOW);
    }
    delayMicroseconds(200);
    a = a << 1;
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(200);
  }
  digitalWrite(SCK_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(200);
  digitalWrite(SPISS_PIN, HIGH);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Arduino UNO IO ports as Output mode
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Pins() {
  pinMode(SPISS_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SCK_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SDA_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Contrast
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Contrast() {
  SPI_out(0xFE);              //prefix command
  SPI_out(0x52);              //contrast command
  SPI_out(0x28);              //set contrast value
  delayMicroseconds(500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set LCD Backlight
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Backlight() {
  SPI_out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_out(0x53);             //backlight command
  SPI_out(0x08);             //set backlight value
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Clear LCD
  /*****************************************************/
void Clear_Display() {
  SPI_out(0xFE);             //prefix command
  SPI_out(0x51);             //clear display command
  delayMicroseconds(1500);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set cursor
   Mode = 0 sets Blinking cursor off
   Mode = 1 sets Blinking cursor on
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Cursor(int mode) {
  SPI_out(0xfe);          //prefix command
  if (mode == 0) {
    SPI_out(0x4c);        //Blinking cursor off
  }
  else if (mode == 1) {
    SPI_out(0x4b);        //Blinking cursor on
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
   Set Row address
   Line = 1 sets for first row
   Line = 2 sets for second row
  /*****************************************************/
void Set_Row(int line) {
  SPI_out(0xfe);      //prefix command
  SPI_out(0x45);      //set cursor command
  if (line == 1) {
    SPI_out(0x00);    //cursor position: row one, column one
  }
  else if (line == 2) {
    SPI_out(0x40);    //cursor position: row two, column one
  }
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
/*****************************************************
  Display font characters
    -change the row address every 16 characters displayed
    -used Clear_Display() function to clear the display
     and change the row to the first row
  delay(500) = 500 Milliseconds
  /*****************************************************/
void Font_Table_Characters() {
  Clear_Display();
  for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
    if (i == 16 || i == 48) {
      Set_Row(2);
    }
    else if (i == 32 || i == 64) {
      Clear_Display();
      if (i == 64) {
        i = 0;
      }
    }
    SPI_out(i + 32);
    delay(500);
  }
}
/*****************************************************
     Main function
  /*****************************************************/
void setup() {
  Set_Pins();         //set IO ports
  Set_Contrast();     //set display contrast
  Set_Backlight();    //set display backlight
  Clear_Display();    //clear display
  Set_Cursor(0);      //turns off blinking cursor
}
/*****************************************************
     Loop function
  /*****************************************************/
void loop() {
  Font_Table_Characters();  //Display font characters
}

LCD - Arduino characters/font tables example.

Troubleshooting Your LCD - Arduino Project

Below we will discuss some common steps to take when encountering issues or problems with your Arduino - LCD project.

Check wiring connections: The most common issue when connecting an LCD to an Arduino is incorrect wiring. Check your wiring connections against the provided pinout diagram and circuit to ensure proper connectivity. Additionally, keep in mind that the NHD-0216K3Z-NSW-BBW-V3 display can be configured to work with SPI, I2C, and RS232 TTL interfaces. A 0 ohm resistor must be soldered onto the R2 section in the PCB to work with the SPI interface.
Inspect components: Look for any visible signs of damage on the Arduino, LCD, or connecting wires.
Verify the code: Ensure the uploaded code on your Arduino is correct and free from errors.
Check the power supply: Ensure that your power source is sufficient to power both the Arduino and the LCD.
Test with a known-good LCD: If you are still experiencing issues, try connecting a different, known-good LCD to your Arduino. This will help you determine if the problem is with the LCD or the Arduino board itself.
Adjust contrast: If you are having trouble seeing the displayed text on the LCD, try adjusting the contrast using the software function Set_Contrast(), which is described above. Different lighting conditions might require different contrast settings for optimal visibility.
Check the Arduino IDE version: Ensure that you are using the latest version the Arduino IDE. Outdated versions might contain bugs or be incompatible with your project.
Test individual features: If you are having issues with specific features like scrolling or contrast control, try running simpler code like the "Hello World" example to isolate the problem. This can help you determine if the issue is related to the code or the hardware.
Seek help from the community: If you are unable to resolve the issue after following the above troubleshooting steps, consider seeking help from the online community. Online forums, such as the Newhaven Display Support Forum, the Arduino Stack Exchange, or the Arduino.cc forum, are excellent resources for getting assistance from experienced users.

By following these troubleshooting steps, you should be able to diagnose and resolve most issues related to connecting an LCD to an Arduino board. Remember, patience and attention to detail are key when troubleshooting electronics projects.

Additional Resources

Arduino UNO official website.
LCD 16x2 product description.
LCD 16x2 product datasheet and specs.
Character LCD Support Forum.
Read our beginner's guide to prototyping displays.
Character LCD sample code.
Learn how to protect electronics from ESD.
Learn about the types of LCDs.
Learn about LCD modes.

May 19th 2023 Newhaven Staff

How to Connect LCD to Arduino

LCD - Arduino Tutorial - Table of Contents

Hardware and Tools Needed

Hardware and tools needed to connect LCD to Arduino

16x2 LCD Pinout

P2 Pin Description

Arduino Pinout

Circuit - Connection Diagram and Schematic

Wiring circuit

Wiring Schematic

Arduino - LCD Example Code

Hello world

Display text on the first and second row

Display long text

Blink - Display text with blinking cursor

Cursor + autoscroll text

Autoscroll text

Adjusting the LCD contrast

How to use the LCD backlight

Characters/font tables

Troubleshooting Your LCD - Arduino Project

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